CONUS GREMLIN Handling Convection Worse than MESO for a Change Over Western Montana

Figure 1: CONUS GREMLIN. There is a lot of stratiform in TFX and MSO’s area, though it is not being reflected nearly as much as MRMS indicates in Figure 2.

Figure 2: WMESO GREMLIN. Although the Meso Sector doesn’t extend all the way north, it does a better job representing the arcing line of showers. Perhaps it has a tendency to do this on the edge of the domain?

Not a whole lot is happening across MT right now so I will shift my eyes to TX for a bit. OCTANE seems to be doing great with initiation across a puffy CU field across west TX in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Note the cooling tops across all the CU in the unstable environment. A few have already developed into robust storms.

Back to MT…

Cloud tops have cooled somewhat on the storm entering the southwest corner of the CWA with LightningCast increasing accordingly, Figure 4.

Figure 4: LightningCast V2 seems to be handling this better according to lightning obs.

Figure 5: Associated Radar

ECONUS GREMLIN also appears to have picked up on this well (Figure 6).

Figure 6: ECONUS GREMLIN

Figure 7: ECONUS GREMLIN continues to intensify accordingly with what radar and MRMS have.

Additionally, the parallaxing appears to be quite evident once again as shown in Figure 8 and 9. I’d imagine that it’s due to the ECONUS sector, but I am not totally sure. This would be a major issue in my CWA with flooding ops as the warnings tend to be very specific over slot canyon locations, and this could lead to a false alarm or a missed event entirely if we are solely relying on GREMLIN.

Figure 8: Notable parallax issues compared to where my SPS was issued.

Figure 9: Location of the storm according to the KTFX radar.

Tags: None

LightningCast: Version 1 vs Version 2

Throughout the day, there were a few instances of latency issues between version 1 and version 2. It was usually no more than a 30 second delay, but the right panel with version 2 of LightningCast often failed to load in AWIPS for a few moments despite there being no differences in the temporal resolution of each field. Example below of version 1 coming in faster than version 2. This delay was about 20 seconds.

Though versions 1 and 2 of LightningCast perform generally similarly, I did notice a few times where version 2 captured the initiation of new convection better than version 1, such as the offshore cells popping up in these screenshots from 19:21 and 19:31Z.

19:21Z

19:31Z

– millibar

Tags: None

Using LightningCast and MesoAnywhere for Alligator Wrestling

Since we are relatively limited with the products we can use today as the meso sector doesn’t fully extend down into JAX’s area, I will be mainly using LightningCast and MesoAnywhere today. We are able to use the CONUS sector for GREMLIN, though I’m not too sure how useful it will be today with good radar coverage via KJAX. However, there are some more storms moving in from TAE’s area and with KVAX out for the day, it could prove useful.

There is already some discrepancies with the event so far with LightningCast V2 being slightly more bullish with the threat at the Alligator Wrestling event this afternoon as shown below in Figure 1.

Figure 1: LightningCast V1 (left panel) compared to V2 (right panel).

The LightningCast dashboard also shows this discrepancy (Figure 2) with a notable spike in probabilities from V1 followed by a significant decrease and a pretty gradual increase for V2.

Figure 2: LightningCast dashboard comparing V1 (warmer colored lines) and V2 (green line) over time at the event.

Additionally, MesoAnywhere has proven useful since we do not have a meso sector today. I found that it has been pretty good identifying more dominant storms in decaying clusters with pretty good lead time compared to using 5min imagery. Pretty obvious that this would be useful, but I see it as a pretty great tool as a former Florida WFO meteorologist. A lot can happen in 5 minutes and I see this being quite useful for summertime pulse convection.

As of 4:10PM ET, Lightningcast V2 continues to remain more bullish than V1. Figure 3 shows the contours in AWIPS and Figure 4 shows the dashboard. Both versions appear to be on a steady incline, though V2 is noticeably higher.

Figure 3: AWIPS LightningCast with V1 on the left and V2 on the right. The 30% contour is noticeably further south toward the Gator Wrestling Match and also has higher probabilities off the coast of St. Johns county.

Figure 4: LightningCast dashboard showing the probabilities across each version. As of typing this, both have begun to even out.

However, it does appear that V1 did a better job at picking up on the lightning threat for a storm over in TAE’s area covering Berrien and Lanier counties in GA. In Figure 5 below, both versions had a 90% contour over the developing storm with lightning following not too long after.

Figure 5: LightningCast V1 and V2 indicating the threat of lightning for a storm over Lanier and Berrien counties in GA.

In Figure 6, LightningCast shows the threat decreasing accordingly with time as the storm begins to ingest some cooler air, likely outflow from the southern storms. This product appears to be quite good with initiation and I hope we get more cases like this over the next couple days.

Figure 6: The storm over Berrien/Lanier counties in GA showing less of a signal for lightning over the next 60 minutes as it weakens.

Regarding the Gator Wrestling, chances have decreased to zero over time. Both V1 and V2 remained on the lower end for probabilities and verified well with only one GLM strike within 10mi (Figure 7).

Figure 7: Not a whole lot going on at the Alligator Wrestling Match.

Tags: None

Convective Decay Using LightningCast

We found LightningCast to be very useful for the decay of pulse-severe type convection. While the probs jumping up were great for CI, the opposite is true for cessation. The loop below demonstrates LightningCast signifying the cluster of cells decaying as they move across the JAX CWA, while remaining in a generally low-end GLM FED and a near constant ice phase. In other words, the LightningCast was a little quicker to jump on weakening trends than satellite data. This would also be very useful for DSS where we can brief a partner with an outdoor event with a quantitative probability that lightning will be over at their point within 60 minutes.

-millibar

Tags: None

Day 3 – The Train Is On The Tracks OCTANE

I definitely felt more comfortable using OCTANE today and now that I understand it better, I was able to look at it compared to 10.3 imagery and I found that useful in differentiating which storms were still strengthening.

Jason showed us how to play around with the color tables for the OCTANE product and basically invert them so that the purples/pinks (cooler colors) represent cooler cloud tops, and the yellows/oranges/reds are the divergence. Conceptually I think this makes more sense to me putting cooler colors = cooling cloud tops.

GREMLIN

I feel like I saw very mixed results with GREMLIN with this event. There were times when the meso performed the best I’ve seen it all week (below)

…and then just two minutes later, not so much.

I’m not sure what attributed to the sudden drop off on what on radar appeared to be the strongest storm.

Later, GREMLIN seemed to be doing very well with the areas of more stratiform precip, which I don’t believe I’d gotten to see up until this point. Was curious if it typically does better in that type of environment.

LightningCast

I wish I had grabbed more of the LightningCast plots since it was probably the product I was looking at the most since I was doing the DSS messages, but the plot below was the only one I did grab.

I was curious about the sudden dip in the V2 product because I don’t think I’d seen it be lower than both V1 before.

– Lightning McQueen

Tags: None

Storm Top Divergence During Low Topped Storms

Storms in the area this afternoon were mainly low-topped supercells with neutral values of speed (green) with a weaker sheared environment. The main thing that was noticeable was the threshold for CTD was not very strong with the storms this afternoon in the area (Figure 1). Thus, adjustments were made to the colorbar maximum thresholds with CTD for each smoothing technique (see Figure 2). The highest smooth CTD is normally 4, so it was maintained. Meanwhile, the medium smooth CTD was lowered to 3 as the colorbar maximum value and the regular CTD (non-smoothed) colorbar maximum was lowered to 2. The intensity of CTD becomes more notable in the lower thresholds, which may be needed/more helpful in these low-topped storm modes where the updrafts and cloud tops are not going to be near as cold (higher in altitude) as other convective modes. More research may be needed to look into whether the storm that originally created subtle CTD values (before the adjustment to the colorbar) ended up going on to become severe and/or produce hazardous weather. Therefore, local calibration may be needed by offices when it comes to different convective modes.

Figure 1: OCTANE Speed/Direction and CTC/CTD.

Figure 2: OCTANE Speed/Direction and CTC/CTD with adjusted colorbar maximum values for CTD across all smoothing levels.

Lightning cast V1 showed slightly lower probabilities than V2 for the convective initiation mentioned above.

Figure 3: Lightning cast V1 (left) and V2 (right) with GLM Flash Extent Density and Day Cloud Phase Distinction RGB.

– Aurora Borealis

Tags: None

Utilizing OCTANE to Determine Failed Convection

Typically forecasters will utilize cloud top cooling and glaciation for an initial look into convective initiation. OCTANE cloud-top cooling clearly depicts the rapid intensification of an updraft with the quick change of colors (green to red). However, the OCTANE divergence component of this product helps to signify mature convection and a strong persistent updraft. Notice how there is no signal for cloud-top divergence (CTD) in the animated loop below (Figure 1). No signature for CTD and warming cloud-top temperatures became an apparent signature for failed convection.

Figure 1: OCTANE cloud-top cooling and divergence. Notice a rapidly developing updraft initiating south of the cluster of storms before it quickly warms as the storm fails to maintain strength.

Lightning cast clearly signifies a low probability for convection developing south of the main cluster. Additionally, day cloud phase distinction reveals an orphan anvil present in the storm that showed a quick signal for cloud-top cooling in the OCTANE product. Thus, failed convection led to no signal for a storm at the base reflectivity scan on radar.

Figure 2: Lightning cast V1 (left) and V2 (right), along with GLM Flash Extent Density and Day Cloud Phase Distinction RGB.

Figure 3: Local radar KILX base reflectivity at 0.5 degree tilt.

– Aurora Borealis

Tags: None

DSS messaging with the Lightningcast Dashboard

While doing the DSS for our event in Memphis (the Memphis Firework Preview Show 2) noticed a rather quick uptick in the Lightning V2 and eventually V1 probabilities about 45 mins or so prior to lightning strikes occurring near and around the site. This would give valuable lead time to any partner that was concerned about an outdoor event. It was made slightly easier to have confidence in this decision to mention an increased lightning threat especially looking at the line in satellite and on radar data.

– Sting Jet

Tags: None

LightningCast and GREMLIN Identifying Threats Fast w/ OCTANE Being Great with Initiation

LightningCast seems to be doing its job quite well as it honed in on a small area in southeast KS with ample lead time (2042Z with more strikes appearing at 2056Z west of Jasper). This would be extremely useful for event deployments and getting ample lead time for our partners as seen below.

Regarding GREMLIN, it does a spectacular job identifying CI along boundaries (in this case, the dryline), somewhat ahead of time compared to MRMS reflectivity.

In this case, it appears to have picked up on more robust CI well ahead of time in TOP’s area. However, it does not appear to be super consistent later on with really capturing how robust some of these cells ended up later on, likely due to overall resolution of the product as well as lightning activity as these cells matured.

Lastly, regarding OCTANE, it did a great job on picking up a cell with ample cooling initially (reds and yellows) followed by strong divergence aloft (purples and pinks). This storm would go on to further intensify down the road.

This cluster of storms would then go on to produce multiple 60mph+ severe gusts.=

– Ryan Cooper

Tags: None

Day 1 GREMLIN and LightningCast

Noticed that the meso GREMLIN was a little jumpy when it came to the apparent ‘strength’ of the storm. Tried to get a gif of it, but this isn’t the best…

Noticed that the CONUS did a better job of matching what the radar was showing (at this time frame). Same issues as above with the ‘jumpy-ness’.  GREMLIN seemed to pick up more on the new convection (cell furthest to the south in image below).

When using ProbSevere with GREMLIN, can more easily see the slight shift in what it shows vs radar

LightningCast V2 appeared to consistently do a better job

– Lightning McQueen

Tags: None