{"id":102,"date":"2022-05-10T16:38:45","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T21:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/?page_id=102"},"modified":"2026-02-09T11:55:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T17:55:20","slug":"real-time-qg-diagnostics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/real-time-qg-diagnostics\/","title":{"rendered":"Real-Time QG Diagnostics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The intended purpose of the <strong>real-time analyses and forecasts of the quasi-geostrophic (QG) diagnostic equations<\/strong> web page is to provide an interactive tool that can be used to enhance classroom education and\/or weather discussions by providing visualizations of QG equations.<\/p>\n<p>The calculations and visualizations are produced using <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncl.ucar.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NCAR Command Language<\/a> version 6.6.2 on computer resources at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nssl.noaa.gov\/\">NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory<\/a> (NSSL).\u00a0 While every attempt is made to keep the images up-to-date, it is possible that there will be interruptions to the image generation services as system updates occur.<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>sections 1-5 <\/strong>below, all fields are computed using 6-hourly pressure-level data from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov\/emc\/pages\/numerical_forecast_systems\/gfs.php\">National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS)<\/a> deterministic forecasts available in GRIB2 format at 1\u00d71 degree latitude-longitude grid spacing. The raw NCEP-GFS forecasts are smoothed using a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncl.ucar.edu\/Document\/Functions\/Built-in\/smth9.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">9-point local smoother<\/a> run 30 times to produce cleaner results for the QG diagnostics. A detailed description of the fields displayed on each set of images is provided in the Users\u2019 Guides and as captions on the animations. Each animation provided at the links below includes a 10-day analysis archive and the most recent forecast out to 192 hours. Images older than 10 days are not archived. <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Current status of QG diagnostics:<\/span><\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/status.png\" width=\"173\" height=\"9\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>section 6<\/strong>, potential vorticity maps are generated using GFS analyses and forecasts available at 0.25&#215;0.25 degree latitude-longitude grid spacing. These data are not smoothed, unless noted in the captions, and are provided for comparison with the smoothed QG diagnostics. <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>Current status of PV maps:<\/strong><\/span> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/status.png\" width=\"173\" height=\"9\" \/>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>1. Sutcliffe Development Theory: (click <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/webdocs\/sutcliffe-usersguide.pdf\">here<\/a> for Users&#8217; guide)<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, \u03b6<sub>g<\/sub>, and 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/1000GeoVor.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/1000GeoVor_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/1000GeoVor_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and \u03b6<sub>T<\/sub>: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/ThermalVor.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/ThermalVor_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/ThermalVor_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeTot.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeTot_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeTot_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and steering term (A): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeA.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeA_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeA_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and amplification term (B): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeB.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeB_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeB_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and Beta term (C): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeC.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeC_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutcliffeC_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>2. Petterssen Development Equation: (click <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/webdocs\/petterssen-usersguide.pdf\">here<\/a> for Users&#8217; guide)<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>500 hPa Z and \u03b7<sub>g<\/sub>: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500GeoAvor.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500GeoAvor_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500GeoAvor_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, T, and \u03c9: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700OmegTemp.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700OmegTemp_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700OmegTemp_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetTot.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetTot_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetTot_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 500 hPa Z, and amplification term (A): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetA.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetA_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetA_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and steering term (B): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetB.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetB_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetB_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1000 hPa Z, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u03c9, and adiabatic term (C): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetC.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetC_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/SutPetC_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>3. Height Tendency Equation: (click <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/webdocs\/qghgttend-usersguide.pdf\">here<\/a> for Users&#8217; guide)<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Traditional Form:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>500 hPa Z, <strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong> and \u03b7<sub>g<\/sub>: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500Wind.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500Wind_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500Wind_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>300 hPa Z, T, <strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>, and &#8211;<strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>\u00b7<strong>\u2207<\/strong>T: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/300Wind.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/300Wind_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/300Wind_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, T, <strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>, and &#8211;<strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>\u00b7<strong>\u2207<\/strong>T: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700Wind.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700Wind_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700Wind_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>500 hPa Z and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendTot.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendTot_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendTot_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>500 hPa Z and propagation term (A): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendA.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendA_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendA_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>500 hPa Z and amplification term (B): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendB.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendB_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendB_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">QGPV Form:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>500 hPa Z and QGPV: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500QGPV.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500QGPV_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500QGPV_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>500 hPa Z and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendQGPV.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendQGPV_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/HgtTendQGPV_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>4. Omega Equation: (click <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/webdocs\/qgomega-usersguide.pdf\">here<\/a> for Users&#8217; guide)<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Traditional Form:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>700 hPa Z and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTot.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTot_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTot_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><sub><br \/>\n<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z and -(f<sub>0<\/sub>\/\u03c3)[\u2202(-<strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>\u00b7<strong>\u2207<\/strong>\u03b7<sub>g<\/sub>)\/\u2202p] term (A): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegA.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegA_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegA_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, T, and -(R\/\u03c3p)[\u2207<sup>2<\/sup>(-<strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>\u00b7<strong>\u2207<\/strong>T)] term (B): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegB.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegB_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegB_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Trenberth Form:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>700 hPa Z, \u03b6<sub>g<\/sub>, and 900\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700GeoVor.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700GeoVor_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/700GeoVor_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, 900\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenTot.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenTot_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenTot_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, 900\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and (f<sub>0<\/sub>\/\u03c3)[2(\u2202<strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>\/\u2202p)\u00b7<strong>\u2207<\/strong>\u03b6<sub>g<\/sub>] term (A): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenA.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenA_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenA_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, 900\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and (f<sub>0<\/sub>\/\u03c3)[(\u2202<strong>v<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>\/\u2202p)\u00b7<strong>\u2207<\/strong>f] term (B): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenB.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenB_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenB_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, 900\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and -2D<sup>2<\/sup>(\u2202\u03b8<sub>D<\/sub>\/\u2202p) term (C): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenC.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenC_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegTrenC_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Q- and F-vector Form:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>700 hPa Z, T, <strong>Q<\/strong>, and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQvect.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQvect_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQvect_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, T, and <strong>Q<\/strong>\/<strong>Q<sub>n<\/sub><\/strong>\/<strong>Q<sub>s<\/sub><\/strong> intercomparison: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQnQs.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQnQs_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQnQs_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa Z, T, and <strong>Q<sub>s<\/sub><\/strong>\/<strong>Q<sub>VR<\/sub><\/strong>\/<strong>Q<sub>DR<\/sub><\/strong> intercomparison: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQvrQdr.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQvrQdr_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegQvrQdr_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa \u03c8, T, <strong>F<\/strong>, and total RHS: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFvect.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFvect_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFvect_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa \u03c8, T, and <strong>F<\/strong>\/<strong>F<sub>n<\/sub><\/strong>\/<strong>F<sub>s<\/sub><\/strong> intercomparison: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFnFs.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFnFs_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFnFs_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>700 hPa \u03c8, T, and <strong>F<sub>s<\/sub><\/strong>\/<strong>F<sub>VR<\/sub><\/strong>\/<strong>F<sub>DR<\/sub><\/strong> intercomparison: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFvrFdr.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFvrFdr_np.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/OmegFvrFdr_sp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>5. QG Energetics: [Lackmann (2011), p. 57\u201365]<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>500 hPa Z and Z\u2032: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500zpert.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500zpert_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500zpert_sp.html\">SH<\/a><sub><br \/>\n<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>500 hPa Z and <strong>v<sub>g<\/sub>\u2032<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500upert.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500upert_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500upert_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>500 hPa Z\u2032, <strong>v<sub>a<\/sub>\u2032<\/strong>\u03a6\u2032, and -\u2207\u00b7(<strong>v<sub>a<\/sub>\u2032<\/strong>\u03a6\u2032): <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500ageoflux.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500ageoflux_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_new\/500ageoflux_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>6. Potential Vorticity Maps:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>DT \u03b8, <strong>v<\/strong>, and 925\u2013850 hPa \u03b6: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/dtt.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/dtt_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/dtt_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>DT P, 850 hPa\u2013DT <strong>\u0394v<\/strong>, and 925\u2013850 hPa \u03b6: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/dtp.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/dtp_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/dtp_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>300\u2013200 hPa and 850\u2013700 hPa PV and <strong>v<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/eyadpv.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/eyadpv_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/eyadpv_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>IPV on the 315, 330, and 345 K surfaces: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/melpv.html\">NorAmer<\/a> || <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/melpv_np.html\">NH<\/a> || <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/melpv_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>300\u2013200 hPa PV &amp; <strong>v<sub>ir<\/sub><\/strong>, 250 hPa |<strong>v<\/strong>| &amp; RH, &amp; 600\u2013400 hPa \u03c9: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/heatherpv.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/heatherpv_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/heatherpv_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>PW, SLP, 1000\u2013500 hPa \u0394Z, and DT |<strong>v<\/strong>|: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/slpthck.html\">NorAmer<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/slpthck_np.html\">NH<\/a> <strong>||<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/slpthck_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<li>CI, 850 hPa <strong>v<sub>nd<\/sub><\/strong> and \u03b8: <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/ci.html\">NorAmer<\/a> || <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/ci_np.html\">NH<\/a> || <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/realtime\/qg_0.25\/ci_sp.html\">SH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>7. References:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Bluestein, H. B., 1992: <em>Principles of Kinematics and Dynamics<\/em>. Vol. I. <em>Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 431 pp.<\/p>\n<p>Carlson, T. N., 1998: <em>Mid-Latitude Weather Systems.<\/em> Amer. Meteor. Soc., 507 pp.<\/p>\n<p>Davies-Jones, R., 1991: The frontogenetical forcing of secondary circulations. Part I: The duality and generalization of the Q vector. <em>J. Atmos. Sci.,<\/em> <strong>48,<\/strong> 497-509.<\/p>\n<p>Hakim, G. J., L. F. Bosart, and D. Keyser, 1995: The Ohio Valley wave-merger cyclogenesis event of 25-26 January 1978. Part I: Multiscale case study. <em>Mon. Wea. Rev.,<\/em> <strong>123,<\/strong> 2663-2692.<\/p>\n<p>Hoskins, B. J., I. Draghici, and H. C. Davies, 1978: A new look at the omega equation. <em>Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,<\/em> <strong>104,<\/strong> 31-38.<\/p>\n<p>Keyser, D., M. J. Reeder, and R. J. Reed, 1988: A generalization of Petterssen\u2019s frontogenesis function and its relation to the forcing for vertical motion. <em>Mon. Wea. Rev.,<\/em> <strong>116,<\/strong> 762-780.<\/p>\n<p>Keyser, D., B. D. Schmidt, and D. G. Duffy, 1992: Quasigeostrophic vertical motions diagnosed from along- and cross-isentrope components of the Q vector. <em>Mon. Wea. Rev.,<\/em> <strong>120,<\/strong> 731-741.<\/p>\n<p>Lackmann, G., 2011: <em>Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology: Dynamics, Analysis, and Forecasting.<\/em> Amer. Meteor. Soc., 345 pp.<\/p>\n<p>Martin, J. E., 1999a: Quasigeostrophic forcing of ascent in the occluded sector of cyclones and the Trowal airstream. <em>Mon. Wea. Rev.,<\/em> <strong>127,<\/strong> 70-88.<\/p>\n<p>Martin, J. E., 1999b: The separate roles of geostrophic vorticity and deformation in the midlatitude occlusion process. <em>Mon. Wea. Rev.,<\/em> <strong>127,<\/strong> 2404-2418.<\/p>\n<p>Martin, J. E., 2006: <em>Mid-Latitude Atmospheric Dynamics: A First Course<\/em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd., 324 pp.<\/p>\n<p>Nielsen-Gammon, J. W., and D. A. Gold, 2008: Dynamical diagnosis: A comparison of quasigeostrophy and Ertel potential vorticity. <em>Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology and Weather Analysis and Forecasting: A Tribute to Fred Sanders, Meteor. Monogr.,<\/em> No. 50, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 183-202.<\/p>\n<p>Petterssen, S., 1956: <em>Motion and Motion Systems.<\/em> Vol. I. <em>Weather Analysis and Forecasting.<\/em> McGraw-Hill, 428 pp.<\/p>\n<p>Sutcliffe, R. C., 1947: A contribution to the problem of development. <em>Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,<\/em> <strong>73,<\/strong> 370-383.<\/p>\n<p>Sutcliffe, R. C., and A. G. Forsdyke, 1950: The theory and use of upper air thickness patterns in forecasting. <em>Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,<\/em> <strong>76,<\/strong> 189-217.<\/p>\n<p>Trenberth, K. E., 1978: On the interpretation of the diagnostic quasi-geostrophic omega equation. <em>Mon. Wea. Rev.,<\/em> <strong>106,<\/strong> 131-137.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The intended purpose of the real-time analyses and forecasts of the quasi-geostrophic (QG) diagnostic equations web page is to provide an interactive tool that can be used to enhance classroom&#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/real-time-qg-diagnostics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":182,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-102","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/182"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":469,"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102\/revisions\/469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/tgalarneau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}