Thomas J. Galarneau

Refereed Journal Articles in process:

(56) Cui, W., Z. Hua, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., Z. Feng, and A. Anderson-Frey, 2025: Comparing synoptic pattern evolution for flash-flood-producing and non-flash-flood producing mesoscale convective systems in the United States. Geophys. Res. Lett., in revision.

(55) Cui, W., K. A. Hoogewind, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2025: A climatology of mesoscale convective system hazards in the United States and their representation in a convection-allowing model. J. Geophys. Res., in revision.

(54) Clark, A., I. L. Jirak, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., T. A. Supinie, K. H. Knopfmeier, D. Harrison, J. Vancil, M. Silcott, D. Jahn, C. D. Karstens, E. D. Loken, A. R. Wade, J. M. Milne, K. A. Hoogewind, S. Ernst, J. C. Picca, M. E. Baldwin, M. Flora, J. Martin, and B. C. Matilla, 2025: Results and insights on next-generation models from a real-time severe weather forecasting experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., in press, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0323.1.

(53) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and A. J. Clark, 2025: Diagnosing model errors for the 20 May 2019 Oklahoma tornado outbreak. J. Oper. Meteor., accepted in final form.

 

Refereed Journal Articles:

(52) Janoski, T. P., J. F. Booth, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2025: The physical mechanisms of Hurricane Ida’s extreme rainfall in New York City: Insights from the Warn-on-Forecast System. Wea. Forecasting, 40, 2755–2773, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-25-0098.1.

(51) Wagner, M. A., E. N. Rasmussen, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., D. Candela, M. Coniglio, R. L. Wood, and F. Lombardo, 2025: Detecting and interpreting wind damage at multiple scales in the 10 August 2020 derecho using UAS, satellite, and radar. Wea. Forecasting, 40, 1877–1894, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-24-0198.1.

(50) Hoogewind, K. A., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and V. A. Gensini, 2025: Severe convective weather outbreaks on 10 and 15 December 2021: Large-Scale antecedent conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 153, 1171–1194, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-24-0213.1.

(49) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and M. R. Spencer, 2025: Analysis of a nonconvective mesoscale windstorm and wildfire outbreak in Kansas on 15 December 2021. Wea. Forecasting, 40, 471–492, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-24-0195.1.

(48) Clark, A. J., I. L. Jirak, T. A. Supinie, K. H. Knopfmeier, D. Harrison, J. Vancil, D. Jahn, C. D. Karstens, E. D. Loken, M. Silcott, R. Martz, N. A. Dahl, D. Imy, A. R. Wade, J. M. Milne, K. A. Hoogewind, S. Ernst, J. C. Picca, M. Flournoy, M. Baldwin, P. L. Heinselman, M. Flora, J. Martin, B. C. Matilla, K. Calhoun, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., D. Stratman, C. Potvin, P. S. Skinner, and P. Burke, 2024: Advancing hazardous weather prediction in the 2024 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 105, E2180–E2183, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0249.1.

(47) Burke, P. C., J. Barnwell, M. Reagan, M. A. Rose, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., R. Otto, and A. Orrison, 2024: The 21 August 2021 catastrophic flash flood at Waverly, Tennessee: Harnessing the Warn-on-Forecast System for confident pre-warning messaging of extreme rainfall. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 105, E1800–E1821, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0205.1.

(46) Hoopes, C. A., L. L. Hood, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2024: Lagged response of MJO convection and precipitation to solar ultraviolet variations on intraseasonal timescales. Geophys. Res. Lett., 51, e2023GL107701, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107701.

(45) Cui, W., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and K. A. Hoogewind, 2024: Changes in mesoscale convective system precipitation structures in response to a warming climate. J. Geophys. Res., 129, e2023JD039920, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039920.

(44) Zeng, X., H. Su, S. Hristova-Veleva, D. J. Posselt, R. Atlas, S. T. Brown, R. D. Dixon, E. Fetzer, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., M. Hardesty, J. H. Jiang, P. P. Kangaslahti, A. Ouyed, T. S. Pagano, O. Reitebuch, R. Roca, A. Stoffelen, S. Tucker, A. Wilson, L. Wu, and I. Yanovsky, 2024: Vientos – A new satellite mission concept for 3D wind measurements by combining passive water vapor sounders with Doppler wind lidar. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 105, E357–E369, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0283.1.

(43) Wang, Y., X. Zeng, X. Xu, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., F. Li, and Y. Zhao, 2024: Power spectra and diurnal variation of low-level horizontal winds observed by a wind profiler radar network over China. Geophys. Res. Lett., 51, e2023GL105652, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105652.

(42) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., X. Zeng, R. D. Dixon, A. Ouyed, H. Su, and W. Cui, 2023: Tropical mesoscale convective system formation environments. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 24, e1152, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1152.

(41) Ouyed, A., N. Smith, X. Zeng, T. Galarneau, Jr., H. Su, and R. Dixon, 2023: Global three-dimensional water vapor feature-tracking for horizontal winds using hyper-spectral infrared sounder data from overlapped tracks of two satellites. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2022GL101830, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101830.

(40) Hood, L. L., N. E. Trencham, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2023: QBO/Solar influences on the tropical Madden-Julian Oscillation: A mechanism based on extratropical wave forcing in late fall and early winter. J. Geophys. Res., 128, e2022JD037824, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037824.

(39) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., L. J. Wicker, K. H. Knopfmeier, W. J. S. Miller, P. S. Skinner, and K. A. Wilson, 2022: Short-Term Prediction of a Nocturnal Significant Tornado Outbreak Using a Convection-Allowing Ensemble. Wea. Forecasting, 37, 1027–1047, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-21-0160.1.

(38) Clark, A., I. Jirak, B. Gallo, K. Knopfmeier, B. Roberts, M. Krocak, J. Vancil, K. Hoogewind, N. Dahl, E. Loken, D. Jahn, D. Harrison, D. Imy, P. Burke, L. Wicker, P. Skinner, P. Heinselman, P. Marsh, K. Wilson, A. Dean, G. Creager, T. Jones, J. Gao, Y. Wang, M. Flora, C. Potvin, C. Kerr, N. Yussouf, J. Martin, J. Guerra, B. Matilla, and T. Galarneau, 2022: The 2nd Real-Time, Virtual Spring Forecasting Experiment to Advance Severe Weather Prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103, E1114–E1116, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0239.1.

(37) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and M. L. Weisman, 2020: A comparison of the vorticity dynamics governing the oceanic bomb cyclone of 4–5 January 1989 and the super derecho of 8 May 2009. J. Atmos. Sci., 77, 3081–3103, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0179.1.

(36) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and X. Zeng, 2020: The Hurricane Harvey (2017) Texas rainstorm: Synoptic analysis and sensitivity to soil moisture. Mon. Wea. Rev., 148, 2479–2502, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0308.1.

(35) Hood, L. L., M. A. Redman, W. L. Johnson, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2020: Stratospheric influences on the MJO-induced Rossby wave train: Effects on intraseasonal climate. J. Climate, 33, 365–389, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0811.1.

(34) Keller, J. H., C. M. Grams, M. Riemer, H. M. Archambault, L. Bosart, J. D. Doyle, J. L. Evans, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., K. Griffin, P. A. Harr, N. Kitabatake, R. McTaggart-Cowan, F. Pantillon, J. Quinting, C. A. Reynolds, E. A. Ritchie, R. D. Torn, and F. Zhang, 2019: The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones. Part II: Interaction with the midlatitude flow, downstream impacts and implications in predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147, 1077–1106, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0329.1.

(33) Ralph, F. M., M. D. Dettinger, M. M. Cairns, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and J. Eylander, 2018: Defining “Atmospheric River:” How the Glossary of Meteorology helped resolve a debate. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99, 837–839, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0157.1.

(32) Fowler, J. P., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2017: Influence of storm-storm and storm-environment interactions on tropical cyclone formation and evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 145, 4855–4875, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0131.1.

(31) Evans, C., K. M. Wood, S. D. Aberson, H. M. Archambault, S. M. Milrad, L. F. Bosart, K. L. Corbosiero, C. A. Davis, J. R. Dias Pinto, J. Doyle, C. Fogarty, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., C. M. Grams, K. S. Griffin, J. Gyakum, R. E. Hart, N. Kitabatake, H. S. Lentink, R. McTaggart-Cowan, W. Perrie, J. F. D. Quinting, C. A. Reynolds, M. Riemer, E. Ritchie, Y. Sun, and F. Zhang, 2017: The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones. Part I: Cyclone evolution and direct impacts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 145, 4317–4344, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1.

(30) Ralph, F. M., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2017: The Chiricahua Gap and the role of easterly water vapor transport in southeastern Arizona monsoon precipitation. J. Hydrometeor., 18, 2511–2520, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-17-0031.1.

(29) Torn, R. D., G. S. Romine, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2017: Sensitivity of dryline convection forecasts to upstream forecast errors for two weakly forced MPEX cases. Mon. Wea. Rev., 145, 1831–1852, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0457.1.

(28) Cordeira, J. M., N. D. Metz, M. E. Howarth, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2017: Multiscale upstream and in-situ and precursors to the elevated mixed layer and high-impact weather over the Midwest U.S. Wea. Forecasting, 32, 905–923, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-16-0122.1.

(27) Weisman, M. L., R. J. Trapp, G. Romine, C. Davis, R. Torn, M. Baldwin, L. Bosart, J. Brown, M. Coniglio, D. Dowell, C. Evans, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., J. Haggerty, T. Hock, K. Manning, P. J. Roebber, P. Romashkin, R. Schumacher, C. S. Schwartz, R. Sobash, D. Stensrud, and S. B. Trier, 2015: The Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 2127–2149, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00281.1.

(26) McTaggart-Cowan, R., E. L. Davies, J. G. Fairman, Jr., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and D. M. Schultz, 2015: Revisiting the 26.5°C sea surface temperature threshold for tropical cyclone development. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 1929–1943, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00254.1.

(25) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and T. M. Hamill, 2015: Diagnosis of track forecast errors for tropical cyclone Rita (2005) using GEFS reforecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 30, 1334–1354, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-15-0036.1.

(24) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., 2015: Influence of a predecessor rain event on the track of tropical cyclone Isaac (2012). Mon. Wea. Rev., 143, 3354–3376, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0053.1.

(23) Drews, C., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2015: Directional analysis of the storm surge from Hurricane Sandy 2012, with Applications to Charleston, New Orleans, and the Philippines. PLoS ONE, 10, e0122113, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122113.

(22) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., R. McTaggart-Cowan, L. F. Bosart, and C. A. Davis, 2015: Development of North Atlantic tropical disturbances near upper-level potential vorticity streamers. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 572–597, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0106.1.

(21) Galarneau, T. J, Jr., C. A. Davis, and M. A. Shapiro, 2013: Intensification of Hurricane Sandy (2012) through extratropical warm core seclusion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 4296–4321, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00181.1.

(20) Johnsen, P., M. Straka, M. Shapiro, A. Norton, and T. Galarneau, 2013: Petascale WRF simulation of Hurricane Sandy – Deployment of NCSA’s Cray XE6 Blue Waters. Proceedings of SC13, The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis, Denver, CO, Association for Computing Machinery, Article No. 63, https://doi.org/10.1145/2503210.2503231.

(19) Hamill, T. M., G. T. Bates, J. S. Whitaker, D. R. Murray, M. Fiorino, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., Y. Zhu, and W. Lapenta, 2013: NOAA’s second-generation global medium-range ensemble reforecast data set. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1553–1565, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00014.1.

(18) Metz, N. M., H. M. Archambault, A. F. Srock, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and L. F. Bosart, 2013: A comparison of South American and African preferential pathways for extreme cold events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 2066–2086, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00202.1.

(17) McTaggart-Cowan, R., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., L. F. Bosart, R. W. Moore, and O. Martius, 2013: A global climatology of baroclinically influenced tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 1963–1989, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00186.1.

(16) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and C. A. Davis, 2013: Diagnosing forecast errors in tropical cyclone motion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 405–430, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00071.1.

(15) Schumacher, R. S., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2012: Moisture transport into midlatitudes ahead of recurving tropical cyclones and its relevance in two predecessor rain events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 1810–1827, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00307.1.

(14) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., T. M. Hamill, R. M. Dole, and J. Perlwitz, 2012: A multi-scale analysis of the extreme weather events over western Russia and northern Pakistan during July 2010. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 1639–1664, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00191.1.

(13) Bosart, L. F., J. M. Cordeira, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., B. J. Moore, and H. M. Archambault, 2012: Analysis of multiple predecessor rain events ahead of tropical cyclones Ike and Lowell: 10–15 September 2008. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 1081–1107, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00163.1.

(12) Evans, C., H. M. Archambault, J. M. Cordeira, C. Fritz, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., S. Gjorgjievska, S. Griffin, A. Johnson, W. A. Komaromi, S. Monette, P. Muradyan, B. Murphy, M. Riemer, J. Sears, D. Stern, B. Tang, and S. Thompson, 2012: The PRE-Depression Investigation of Cloud Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) field campaign: Perspectives of early career scientists. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 173–187, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00024.1.

(11) Evans, C., R. S. Schumacher, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2011: Sensitivity in the overland reintensification of Tropical Cyclone Erin (2007) to near-surface soil moisture characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3848–3870, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011MWR3593.1.

(10) Schumacher, R. S., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and L. F. Bosart, 2011: Distant effects of a recurving tropical cyclone on rainfall in a midlatitude convective system: A high-impact predecessor rain event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 650–667, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3453.1.

(9) Abarca, S. F., K. L. Corbosiero, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2010: An evaluation of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) using the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) as ground truth. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013411.

(8) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., L. F. Bosart, and R. S. Schumacher, 2010: Predecessor rain events ahead of tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 3272–3297, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3243.1.

(7) McTaggart-Cowan, R., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., L. F. Bosart, and J. A. Milbrandt, 2010: Development and tropical transition of an Alpine lee cyclone. Part II: Orographic influences on the development pathway. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2308–2326, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR3148.1.

(6) McTaggart-Cowan, R., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., L. F. Bosart, and J. A. Milbrandt, 2010: Development and tropical transition of an Alpine lee cyclone. Part I: Case analysis and evaluation of numerical guidance. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2281–2307, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR3147.1.

(5) Davis, C. A., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2009: The vertical structure of mesoscale convective vortices. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 686–704, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2819.1.

(4) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., L. F. Bosart, C. A. Davis, and R. McTaggart-Cowan, 2009: Baroclinic transition of a long-lived mesoscale convective vortex. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 562–584, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2651.1.

(3) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., L. F. Bosart, and A. R. Aiyyer, 2008: Closed anticyclones of the subtropics and midlatitudes: A 54-yr climatology (1950–2003) and three case studies. Synoptic–Dynamic Meteorology and Weather Analysis and Forecasting: A Tribute to Fred Sanders, Meteor. Monogr., No. 55, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 349–392, https://doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401-33.55.349.

(2) McTaggart-Cowan, R., G. D. Deane, L. F. Bosart, C. A. Davis, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2008: Climatology of tropical cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic (1948–2004). Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1284–1304, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2245.1.

(1) LaPenta, K. D., L. F. Bosart, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and M. J. Dickinson, 2005: A multiscale examination of the 31 May 1998 Mechanicville, New York, tornado. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 494–516, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF875.1.

 

Technical Reports, White Papers, and Non-Refereed Articles:

(19) Clark, A., I. Jirak, T. Galarneau, T. Supinie, K. Knopfmeier, D. Harrison, J. Vancil, M. Silcott, D. Jahn, C. Karstens, E. Loken, A. Wade, J. Milne, K. Hoogewind, S. Ernst, J. Picca, M. Baldwin, M. Flora, J. Martin, and B. Matilla, 2025: Spring Forecasting Experiment 2025: Preliminary Findings and Results. NOAA Tech. Rep. 71354, 72 pp., https://doi.org/10.25923/fye2-yk53.

(18) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and X. Zeng, 2021: Influence of Midlatitude Soil Moisture Conditions on Upstream Subtropical Circulation. GEWEX Quarterly, 31(1), 6–7, https://www.gewex.org/gewex-content/uploads/2021/03/Q12021.pdf.

(17) Powers, J. G., C. L. Bruyere, J. M. Done, J. Dudhia, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., M. E. Kavulich, Jr., E. Peckham, and W. Wang, 2014: The Weather Research and Forecasting model and its applications. Meteorological Technology International, April 2014, 30–33.

(16) Bosart, L. F., T. J. Galarneau, Jr., J. M. Cordeira, and B. J. Moore, 2010: Extreme rainstorms in advance of tropical cyclones. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 854–856, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-91.7.843.

(15) Evans, C., R. S. Schumacher, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2010: The overland reintensification of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Erin (2007): Physical and dynamical characteristics. Preprints, 29th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 15C.1, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/167190.pdf.

(14) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., L. F. Bosart, and R. S. Schumacher, 2009: Reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007) over Oklahoma. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 306–308, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-90.3.289.

(13) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and L. F. Bosart, 2006: Ridge rollers: Mesoscale disturbances on the periphery of cutoff anticyclones. Preprints, Symp. on Challenges of Severe Convective Storms, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.11, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/103464.pdf.

(12) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and L. F. Bosart, 2006: An examination of the long-lived MCV of 10–13 June 2003. Preprints, Symp. on Challenges of Severe Convective Storms, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.32, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/103470.pdf.

(11) Bosart, L. F., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2005: The influence of the Great Lakes on warm season weather systems during BAMEX. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes, San Diego, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 3.5, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/84665.pdf.

(10) LaPenta, K. D., L. F. Bosart, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., and M. J. Dickinson, 2004: A multiscale examination of the 31 May 1998 Mechanicville, New York, tornado. Preprints, 22d Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.6, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/81218.pdf.

(9) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., and L. F. Bosart, 2004: The long-lived MCV of 11–13 June 2003 during BAMEX. Preprints, 22d Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5.4, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/81727.pdf.

(8) Bosart, L. F., K. LaPenta, A. Seimon, M. Dickinson, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2004: Terrain-Influenced tornadogenesis in the northeastern United States, Preprints, 11th Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Bartlett, NH, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P17.3, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/77126.pdf.

(7) Bosart, L. F., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2004: Subtropical jet disturbances as initiators of convection during BAMEX. Preprints, 26th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.20, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/75854.pdf.

(6) Bosart, L. F., and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2004: Convection in BAMEX during an active subtropical jet period. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4.1, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/71881.pdf.

(5) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., L. F. Bosart, A. R. Aiyyer, and E. H. Atallah, 2004: Global climatology of closed 1000–500 hPa thickness highs and lows. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 16.3, https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/71898.pdf.

(4) LaPenta, K. D., G. J. Maglaras, J. S. Quinlan, H. W. Johnson, L. F. Bosart, and T. J. Galarneau, Jr., 2000: Radar observations of northeastern United States tornadoes. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 356–359.

(3) Cacciola, A. C., L. F. Bosart, S. F. Honikman, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., K. D. LaPenta, and J. S. Quinlan, 2000: Northeast severe weather distribution as a function of flow regime. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 453–456.

(2) Honikman, S. F., A. C. Cacciola, T. J. Galarneau, Jr., L. F. Bosart, and K. D. LaPenta, 2000: Forecasting synoptic and mesoscale environments for tornadoes and derechos in the northeast United States. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 509–512.

(1) Galarneau, T. J., Jr., S. F. Honikman, A. C. Cacciola, L. F. Bosart, K. D. LaPenta, J. S. Quinlan, and G. Wiley, 2000: Lightning in tornadic thunderstorms over the northeast United States. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 108–109.