{"id":766,"date":"2022-06-07T16:23:36","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T21:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/ensmith\/?page_id=766"},"modified":"2022-06-07T16:23:36","modified_gmt":"2022-06-07T21:23:36","slug":"flux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/inside.nssl.noaa.gov\/ensmith\/metr5603\/flux\/","title":{"rendered":"Flux Measurements and Processing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In this part of the course we focus on the instrumentation and data processing techniques of surface flux towers. These towers typically use the so-called eddy covariance technique to measure sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as other turbulence quantities. To close the surface energy balance, additional instruments such as net radiation and soil temperature sensors are typically also installed at such towers. For ecosystem studies, the sites may be equipped with additional sensors to measure e.g. CO2 <\/sup><\/sub>or other trace gas fluxes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As you will see eddy-covariance measurements require expensive instrumentation, intensive post-processing, and the data must be carefully screened. In the four lectures, we cannot cover everything – there are entire books (see the references) devoted to eddy-covariance measurements. Instead, the objective is to introduce  important data processing steps and quality assurance checks. It is important that you don’t treat flux measurement systems as black boxes and that you are aware of the limitations of these systems if you work with flux data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

References: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Books<\/strong>:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Aubinet, M., \u00a0T. Vesala, and. D. Papale (Eds.), 2012.\u00a0Eddy Covariance.\u00a0A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis. 438p.\u00a0\u00a0Springer.\u00a0https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9789400723504\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foken, T., 2017. Micrometeorology. 362p. Springer.\u00a0https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9783642254390\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee X.,\u00a0W Massman,\u00a0B. Law, 2005. Handbook of Micrometeorology. 250p. Springer.\u00a0https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9781402022647\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some Selected Journal Articles:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Finnigan, J.J., Clement, R., Malhi, Y.\u00a0et al.<\/em>\u00a0A Re-Evaluation of Long-Term Flux Measurement Techniques Part I: Averaging and Coordinate Rotation.\u00a0Boundary-Layer Meteorology<\/em>\u00a0107,\u00a0<\/strong>1\u201348 (2003).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1021554900225\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finnigan, J.J. A Re-Evaluation of Long-Term Flux Measurement Techniques Part II: Coordinate Systems.Boundary-Layer Meteorology<\/em>\u00a0113, 1\u201341 (2004).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:BOUN.0000037348.64252.45\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kljun, N., Calanca, P., Rotach, M. W., and Schmid, H. P.:\u00a0A simple two-dimensional parameterisation for Flux Footprint Prediction (FFP), Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3695-3713, 2015,\u00a0https:\/\/gmd.copernicus.org\/articles\/8\/3695\/2015\/\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leuning, R., \u00a0E. van Gorsel, W. J. Massman, P. R. Isaac, 2012.\u00a0Reflections on the surface energy imbalance problem,\u00a0Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,<\/em>\u00a0Volume 156,\u00a0pp. 65-74,\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.12.002\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Massman, W.J. and \u00a0X. Lee, 2002. Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges,
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology<\/em>,\u00a0Volume 113, Issues 1\u20134, pp.\u00a0121-144,\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-1923(02)00105-3\u00a0<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mauder, M., \u00a0M. Cuntz, C. Dr\u00fce, A. Graf, C. Rebmann, H. P. Schmid, M. Schmidt, R. Steinbrecher, 2013.\u00a0A strategy for quality and uncertainty assessment of long-term eddy-covariance measurements,\u00a0Agricultural and Forest Meteorology<\/em>,\u00a0Volume 169, pp.\u00a0122-135,\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.09.006\u00a0)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mauder, M., Foken, T. & Cuxart, J. Surface-Energy-Balance Closure over Land: A Review.Boundary-Layer Meteorol<\/em>\u00a0177,\u00a0<\/strong>395\u2013426 (2020).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10546-020-00529-6\u00a0<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilczak, J.M., Oncley, S.P. & Stage, S.A. Sonic Anemometer Tilt Correction Algorithms.\u00a0Boundary-Layer Meteorology<\/em>\u00a099,\u00a0<\/strong>127\u2013150 (2001).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1018966204465\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recorded Lectures and Other Resources:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Eddy Covariance Measurements – Introduction <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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